The Gamaleya Research Institute, part of Russia’s Ministry of Health, developed a coronavirus vaccine known as Sputnik V or Gam-Covid-Vac. Gamaleya published a study in February showing that two doses of the vaccine had an efficacy rate of 91.6 percent. Russia is using it in a mass vaccination campaign, and the vaccine has been approved for emergency use in dozens of other countries. In May, a one-dose version dubbed “Sputnik Light” was authorized for emergency use in Russia, with an announced efficacy of 79.4 percent. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is studded with proteins that it uses to enter human cells. These so-called spike proteins make a tempting target for potential vaccines and treatments. /Sputnik V is based on the virus’s genetic instructions for building the spike protein. But unlike the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, which store the instructions in single-stranded RNA, Sputnik V uses double-stranded DNA. /Sputnik V comes out of decades of research on adenovirus-based vaccines. The first one was approved for general use last year — a vaccine for Ebola, made by Johnson & Johnson. Some other coronavirus vaccines are also based on adenoviruses, such as one from Johnson & Johnson using Ad26, and one by the University of Oxford and AstraZeneca using a chimpanzee adenovirus. /The researchers developed their vaccine from adenoviruses, a kind of virus that causes colds. They added the gene for the coronavirus spike protein gene to two types of adenovirus, one called Ad26 and one called Ad5, and engineered them so they could invade cells but not replicate. /After Sputnik V is injected into a person’s arm, the adenoviruses bump into cells and latch onto proteins on their surface. The cell engulfs the virus in a bubble and pulls it inside. Once inside, the adenovirus escapes from the bubble and travels to the nucleus, the chamber where the cell’s DNA is stored. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/health/gamaleya-covid-19-vaccine.html
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The Gamaleya Research Institute, part of Russia’s Ministry of Health, developed a coronavirus vaccine known as Sputnik V or Gam-Covid-Vac. Gamaleya published a study in February showing that two doses of the vaccine had an efficacy rate of 91.6 percent. Russia is using it in a mass vaccination campaign, and the vaccine has been approved for emergency use in dozens of other countries. In May, a one-dose version dubbed “Sputnik Light” was authorized for emergency use in Russia, with an announced efficacy of 79.4 percent. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is studded with proteins that it uses to enter human cells. These so-called spike proteins make a tempting target for potential vaccines and treatments. /Sputnik V is based on the virus’s genetic instructions for building the spike protein. But unlike the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, which store the instructions in single-stranded RNA, Sputnik V uses double-stranded DNA. /Sputnik V comes out of decades of research on adenovirus-based vaccines. The first one was approved for general use last year — a vaccine for Ebola, made by Johnson & Johnson. Some other coronavirus vaccines are also based on adenoviruses, such as one from Johnson & Johnson using Ad26, and one by the University of Oxford and AstraZeneca using a chimpanzee adenovirus. /The researchers developed their vaccine from adenoviruses, a kind of virus that causes colds. They added the gene for the coronavirus spike protein gene to two types of adenovirus, one called Ad26 and one called Ad5, and engineered them so they could invade cells but not replicate. /After Sputnik V is injected into a person’s arm, the adenoviruses bump into cells and latch onto proteins on their surface. The cell engulfs the virus in a bubble and pulls it inside. Once inside, the adenovirus escapes from the bubble and travels to the nucleus, the chamber where the cell’s DNA is stored. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/health/gamaleya-covid-19-vaccine.html
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The Gamaleya Research Institute, part of Russia’s Ministry of Health, developed a coronavirus vaccine known as Sputnik V or Gam-Covid-Vac. Gamaleya published a study in February showing that two doses of the vaccine had an efficacy rate of 91.6 percent. Russia is using it in a mass vaccination campaign, and the vaccine has been approved for emergency use in dozens of other countries. In May, a one-dose version dubbed “Sputnik Light” was authorized for emergency use in Russia, with an announced efficacy of 79.4 percent. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is studded with proteins that it uses to enter human cells. These so-called spike proteins make a tempting target for potential vaccines and treatments. /Sputnik V is based on the virus’s genetic instructions for building the spike protein. But unlike the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, which store the instructions in single-stranded RNA, Sputnik V uses double-stranded DNA. /Sputnik V comes out of decades of research on adenovirus-based vaccines. The first one was approved for general use last year — a vaccine for Ebola, made by Johnson & Johnson. Some other coronavirus vaccines are also based on adenoviruses, such as one from Johnson & Johnson using Ad26, and one by the University of Oxford and AstraZeneca using a chimpanzee adenovirus. /The researchers developed their vaccine from adenoviruses, a kind of virus that causes colds. They added the gene for the coronavirus spike protein gene to two types of adenovirus, one called Ad26 and one called Ad5, and engineered them so they could invade cells but not replicate. /After Sputnik V is injected into a person’s arm, the adenoviruses bump into cells and latch onto proteins on their surface. The cell engulfs the virus in a bubble and pulls it inside. Once inside, the adenovirus escapes from the bubble and travels to the nucleus, the chamber where the cell’s DNA is stored. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/health/gamaleya-covid-19-vaccine.html
The Gamaleya Research Institute, part of Russia’s Ministry of Health, developed a coronavirus vaccine known as Sputnik V or Gam-Covid-Vac. Gamaleya published a study in February showing that two doses of the vaccine had an efficacy rate of 91.6 percent. Russia is using it in a mass vaccination campaign, and the vaccine has been approved for emergency use in dozens of other countries. In May, a one-dose version dubbed “Sputnik Light” was authorized for emergency use in Russia, with an announced efficacy of 79.4 percent. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is studded with proteins that it uses to enter human cells. These so-called spike proteins make a tempting target for potential vaccines and treatments. /Sputnik V is based on the virus’s genetic instructions for building the spike protein. But unlike the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, which store the instructions in single-stranded RNA, Sputnik V uses double-stranded DNA. /Sputnik V comes out of decades of research on adenovirus-based vaccines. The first one was approved for general use last year — a vaccine for Ebola, made by Johnson & Johnson. Some other coronavirus vaccines are also based on adenoviruses, such as one from Johnson & Johnson using Ad26, and one by the University of Oxford and AstraZeneca using a chimpanzee adenovirus. /The researchers developed their vaccine from adenoviruses, a kind of virus that causes colds. They added the gene for the coronavirus spike protein gene to two types of adenovirus, one called Ad26 and one called Ad5, and engineered them so they could invade cells but not replicate. /After Sputnik V is injected into a person’s arm, the adenoviruses bump into cells and latch onto proteins on their surface. The cell engulfs the virus in a bubble and pulls it inside. Once inside, the adenovirus escapes from the bubble and travels to the nucleus, the chamber where the cell’s DNA is stored. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/health/gamaleya-covid-19-vaccine.html inserted into cell nuclei. Trump was not involved except to join the gene-modification stampede, which he did and still does ride. As for mainland China, their leading biotech companies--including especially Fosun Pharma and WuXi Biologics, are in on the gene-editing "revolution" which is just gross perversion on all fronts including of science. -r. So here's boss from that region:
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